Njengamazwe amaningi anezimboni namuhla, iChina ibhekene nokushoda kwabasebenzi abanamakhono. Isidingo esiphuthumayo sokunciphisa abasebenzi kanye nokwandisa umkhiqizo sibangele iBeijing ukuthi iqhamuke nesixazululo: ukufaka amarobhothi amaningi ezimbonini ezimbonini. Nokho, lokhu ngeke kusize.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imigqa yokukhiqiza engakhiqiza imikhiqizo yenani eliphakeme, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi wase-China ukhiphe Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwe-Robot Plus ngenyanga edlule. Inomgomo ocacile: ukuphinda kabili ukuminyana kwamarobhothi emkhakheni wezimboni ngowezi-2025 ukusuka kubasebenzi abangama-246 kubasebenzi abayizi-10,000 ngo-2020.
Lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe oluqondiswe kuyindlela yaseBeijing yokwenza izinto (cabanga ukuthi “Made in China 2025″). Ngokusho kweDaiwa Capital Markets Hong Kong Ltd., ukuminyana kwamarobhothi kumele kukhuphuke ngo-13% kuphela ngonyaka(1) ukuze kufinyelelwe kulokho okuhlosiwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, inani labasebenzi bokukhiqiza lezwe kungenzeka linciphe eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, ukukhula komkhiqizo kwaqhubeka kancane ngo-2020. Sekukonke, ukuthambekela kukhomba ebhalansi efanelekile yokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sokuzenzakalelayo.
Izinkampani zasekhaya ezifana ne-Estun Automation kanye ne-Shenzhen Inovance Technology zakha ngokushesha, imishini enembayo ekwazi ukuhlanganisa izimoto, ihambe ku-3D, futhi igobe ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi - cishe njengesandla somuntu. Abanye bangakwazi ukushisela, baphendule izikulufu, benze amamaki e-laser. Izinkampani ezisebenza ngensimbi nezingxenye zezimoto ziyathuthuka, njengoba ukuthengiswa kwenyuke ngo-72% kwikota yokugcina ka-2022. Izinkampani zase-Japan i-Fanuc Corp. kanye ne-Yaskawa Electric Corp. zithathe isikhundla esiphambili emakethe futhi zanelise iningi lesidingo.
Khonamanjalo, umkhankaso wangaphambilini kahulumeni wokwenza amafekthri ezenzakalelayo uholele ekutheni iChina ibe nesibalo esikhulu sabasebenzi bamarobhothi emhlabeni kanye nokufakwa okuphezulu kakhulu ngonyaka. Lokhu kusiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokukhiqiza nokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokukhiqiza.
Kodwa-ke, ukufaka amarobhothi engeziwe ezitezi zokukhiqiza akusho ukuthi i-China izozuza intuthuko esheshayo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugxumela kokukhiqiza. Yize le mishini yakhelwe ukugcwalisa izikhala kubasebenzi, idinga nabantu abanamakhono aphezulu ukuze bathole izinzuzo zokukhiqiza ngobuhlakani. Ngaphandle kweziqu ezifanele, abasebenzi abakwazi ukuhlela nokusebenzisa imishini ezishintshayo.
Uma kubhekwa ijubane i-China elisebenzisa ngalo lobu buchwepheshe, abasebenzi bokufika abayizigidi ezingama-300 mancane amathuba okuba babe negalelo elikhulu emalini yokukhiqiza yasekhaya. Kusukela ngo-2021, bangu-12.6% kuphela abaneziqu zasekolishi noma ngaphezulu.
Lokhu kukhathaza abasebenzi abakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ekupheleni kwaleli shumi leminyaka, amaphesenti angaba ngu-40 emisebenzi eyenziwa amakhulu ezigidi zabasebenzi bokufika azobe esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Njengoba abangaphezu kwengxenye yabo beneminyaka engu-41 nangaphezulu, ukuqeqeshwa kabusha kuyinselele. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuheha amaShayina asemancane, anekhono kakhulu futhi afundile kuzothatha isikhathi - futhi ngeke kwenzeke ngesivinini esikhulayo sokuminyana kwamarobhothi noma phakathi nesikhathi esibekwe yinkonzo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abancane nabancane bakhetha ukuhlanganyela ekukhiqizeni, bekhetha izinsizakalo. Lezi zakhamizi manje azisahambi kangako, zifuna umsebenzi eduze nasekhaya.
Ukumisa ukuqhubeka nokuyeka, abahleli bakahulumeni benze konke okusemandleni ukukhuthaza abasebenzi ukuthi babuyele emisebenzini yabo ngemuva kokululama ku-Covid. Inani lemixhaso limenyezelwe. Ngemuva koNyaka Omusha Wenyanga, izinkulungwane zamabhasi, izindiza nezitimela zahlanganiswa ukuze ziyise abantu ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza nasezindaweni zokwakha. Edolobheni eliseningizimu neDongguan, izikhulu zichithe cishe izigidi ezintathu zamaRandi ekuqasheni abantu. Nakuba lokhu kungasiza ingqalasizinda kanye nezinsizakalo, le mizamo ingase ibukeke phansi uma abantu abambalwa bekwazi ukusebenzisa amarobhothi ayinkimbinkimbi ezimbonini zaseShayina.
Osopolitiki bagxile ekuqeqesheni nasekuthuthukiseni abasebenzi. Baphinde bakhuthaze amabhizinisi ukuthi atshale imali ekufundiseni imisebenzi yezandla. Kungasiza, kepha iBeijing idinga ukwenza okwengeziwe ukuze ithole abasebenzi ukuthi babambe amarobhothi. Into yokugcina ayifunayo inqwaba yemishini engasebenzi.
Le kholomu ayibonisi imibono yabahleli noma i-Bloomberg LP nabanikazi bayo.
U-Anjani Trivedi ungumbhali we-Bloomberg Opinion. Ihlanganisa imikhakha efana nezombusazwe kanye nezinkampani ezimbonini zobunjiniyela, zezimoto, zezimoto zikagesi namabhethri esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific. Phambilini, ubengumbhali wezezimali kanye nezimakethe kanye nentatheli yeThe Wall Street Journal. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ubeyibhange lokutshala imali eNew York naseLondon.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-23-2023
