Ukusika i-plasma yerobhothi ehlanganisiwe kudinga okungaphezu nje kwethoshi elinamathiselwe ekugcineni kwengalo yerobhothi.Ulwazi lwenqubo yokusika i-plasma luyisihluthulelo.umcebo
Abakhi bensimbi kuyo yonke imboni - kumaworkshops, imishini esindayo, ukwakha imikhumbi kanye nensimbi yesakhiwo - balwela ukuhlangabezana nokulindelwe ukulethwa okunzima kuyilapho bedlula izidingo zekhwalithi. Bahlala befuna ukunciphisa izindleko ngenkathi bebhekene nenkinga ehlala ikhona yokugcina abasebenzi abanamakhono. akulula.
Eziningi zalezi zinkinga zingalandelelwa emuva ezinqubweni ezenziwa ngesandla ezisadlangile embonini, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhiqizwa imikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi efana nezivalo zamabhokisi ezimboni, izakhi zensimbi ezigobile, namapayipi namashubhu. isikhathi somshini wokumaka ngesandla, ukulawula ikhwalithi, nokuguqulwa, lapho isikhathi sangempela sokusika (ngokuvamile nge-oxyfuel ephathwa ngesandla noma i-plasma cutter) singamaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-20 kuphela.
Ngokungeziwe esikhathini esisetshenziswa izinqubo ezinjalo ezenziwa ngesandla, okuningi kwalokhu kusikeka kwenziwa eduze nezindawo zesici esingalungile, ubukhulu noma ukubekezelelana, okudinga imisebenzi yesibili ebanzi njengokugaya nokwenza kabusha, noma okubi nakakhulu, Izinto ezidinga ukwesulwa.Izitolo eziningi zinikezela ngokuthi cishe u-40% wesikhathi sabo esiphelele sokucubungula kulo msebenzi wenani eliphansi kanye nokumosha.
Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni imboni iphushele ku-automation.Isitolo esenza ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi yokusika ithoshi yezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-multi-axis saqalisa iseli yokusika i-plasma eyirobhothi futhi, ngokumangazayo, sabona izinzuzo ezinkulu.Lokhu kusebenza kuqeda ukwakheka kwezandla, nomsebenzi ozokwenza kungathatha abantu aba-5 amahora angu-6 manje kungenziwa ngemizuzu engu-18 kusetshenziswa irobhothi.
Nakuba izinzuzo zisobala, ukusebenzisa i-robotic plasma cutting kudinga okungaphezu nje kokuthenga irobhothi kanye nethoshi ye-plasma.Uma ucabangela ukusika i-plasma ye-robotic, qiniseka ukuthi uthatha indlela ephelele futhi ubheke yonke imfudlana yenani.Ukwengeza, sebenzisana umdidiyeli wesistimu oqeqeshwe ngumkhiqizi oqonda futhi aqonde ubuchwepheshe be-plasma kanye nezingxenye zesistimu nezinqubo ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izidingo zihlanganiswe ekwakhiweni kwebhethri.
Futhi cabangela isofthiwe, okuyinto ngokungangabazeki enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zanoma iyiphi i-robotic plasma cutting system.Uma utshale imali ohlelweni futhi isofthiwe kunzima ukuyisebenzisa, idinga ubuchwepheshe obuningi ukuze isebenze, noma uyayithola. kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukulungisa irobhothi ekusikeni kwe-plasma nokufundisa indlela yokusika, uchitha imali eningi nje.
Nakuba isofthiwe yokulingisa i-robotic ivamile, amaseli okusika i-plasma e-robotic asebenzayo asebenzisa isofthiwe yokuhlela yerobhothi engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ezokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhlelwa kwendlela yerobhothi, ibone futhi ibuyisele ukushayisana, futhi ihlanganise ulwazi lwenqubo yokusika i-plasma.Ukufaka ulwazi lwenqubo ye-plasma ejulile kubalulekile.Ngesofthiwe efana nalena. , ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela ngisho nezicelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokusika i-plasma yerobhothi kuba lula kakhulu.
I-Plasma cutting complex complex-axis shapes idinga ijiyomethri yethoshi eyingqayizivele.Sebenzisa ijiyomethri yethoshi esetshenziswe kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-XY olujwayelekile (bheka Umfanekiso 1) kumumo oyinkimbinkimbi, njengekhanda lomkhumbi ogobile, futhi uzokwandisa amathuba okushayisana. Ngalesi sizathu, amathoshi anama-angle abukhali (anomklamo “ocijile”) afaneleka kangcono ukusika ukuma kwerobhothi.
Zonke izinhlobo zokushayisana azikwazi ukugwenywa ngethoshi eline-engeli ebukhali yodwa. Uhlelo lwengxenye kufanele futhi luqukathe izinguquko ekujuleni okusikiwe (okungukuthi ithiphu yethoshi kufanele ibe nendawo yokungena kucezu lokusebenza) ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana (bheka Umfanekiso 2).
Phakathi nenqubo yokusika, igesi ye-plasma igeleza yehle emzimbeni wethoshi ngendlela ye-vortex iye ethiphu yethoshi. Lesi senzo sokuzungeza sivumela amandla aphakathi nendawo ukuthi akhiphe izinhlayiya ezisindayo kukholomu yegesi aye endaweni ezungezile yembobo yombhobho futhi ivikela ukuhlangana kwethoshi ukuhamba kwama-electron ashisayo.Izinga lokushisa le-plasma lisondele ku-20,000 degrees Celsius, kuyilapho izingxenye zethusi zethoshi zincibilika ku-1,100 degrees Celsius. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zidinga ukuvikelwa, futhi ungqimba oluvikelayo lwezinhlayiya ezinzima lunikeza isivikelo.
Umfanekiso 1. Izindikimba zethoshi ezijwayelekile zenzelwe ukusika insimbi yeshidi.Ukusebenzisa ithoshi efanayo kuma-axis amaningi kwandisa amathuba okungqubuzana nomsebenzi.
I-swirl yenza uhlangothi olulodwa lokusikwa lushise kakhulu kunolunye. Amathoshi anegesi ezungezisayo elandela iwashi ngokuvamile abeka uhlangothi olushisayo lwe-arc kwesokudla se-arc (uma ibukwa ngaphezulu lapho kusike khona).Lokhu kusho ukuthi unjiniyela wenqubo usebenza kanzima ukuze enze kahle ohlangothini olusikiwe futhi acabange ukuthi uhlangothi olubi (kwesokunxele) luzoba yizicucu (bona Umfanekiso 3).
Izici zangaphakathi zidinga ukusikwa ngendlela ephikisana newashi, nohlangothi olushisayo lwe-plasma lwenza ukusika okuhlanzekile ngakwesokudla (ingxenye yohlangothi olusemaphethelweni). Kunalokho, umjikelezo wengxenye udinga ukusikwa ngendlela yewashi. ithoshi lisike ngendlela engafanele, lingakha i-taper enkulu kuphrofayela esikiwe futhi likhuphule amanyela onqenqemeni lwengxenye.Essentially, ubeka "ukusikeka okuhle" ku-scrap.
Qaphela ukuthi amathebula amaningi okusika amaphaneli e-plasma anobuhlakani benqubo obakhelwe kusilawuli mayelana nesiqondiso sokusikwa kwe-arc. ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba nesofthiwe yokuhlela irobhothi engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi enolwazi lwenqubo eshumekiwe ye-plasma.
Ukunyakaza kwethoshi okusetshenziselwa ukubhoboza insimbi kunomphumela oqondile ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo zokusika i-plasma.Uma ithoshi ye-plasma ibhoboza ishidi lapho lisikwa (eliseduze kakhulu nendawo yokusebenza), ukuhlehla kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kungalimaza ngokushesha isihlangu kanye nombhobho.Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izinga eliphansi lokusika kanye nempilo esetshenziswayo encishisiwe.
Futhi, lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka ezinhlelweni zokusika zensimbi ene-gantry, njengoba izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe bethoshi selakhelwe kusilawuli. Umsebenzisi ucindezela inkinobho ukuqalisa ukulandelana kokubhoboza, okuqalisa uchungechunge lwezehlakalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphakama okufanele kokubhoboza. .
Okokuqala, ithoshi lenza inqubo yokuzwa ukuphakama, ngokuvamile lisebenzisa isignali ye-ohmic ukuze ibone indawo yokusebenza. Ngemva kokubeka ipuleti, ithoshi liyahoxiswa lisuka epuletini liye ekuphakameni kokudlulisa, okuyibanga elifanele le-arc ye-plasma ukuze idluliselwe. kuya endaweni yokusebenza.Lapho i-plasma arc isidlulisiwe, ingashisa ngokuphelele.Kuleli qophelo ithoshi liya endaweni ephakeme yokubhoboza, okuyibanga eliphephile ukusuka endaweni yokusebenza futhi liqhelelene ne-blowback yezinto ezincibilikisiwe.Ithoshi ligcina lokhu. ibanga kuze kube yilapho i-plasma arc ingena ngokuphelele epuletini.Ngemva kokuba ukubambezeleka kokubhoboza sekuqediwe, ithoshi liyehla liye epuleti lensimbi bese liqala umnyakazo wokusika (bheka uMdwebo 4).
Futhi, konke lokhu kuhlakanipha kuvame ukwakhelwa kusilawuli se-plasma esisetshenziselwa ukusika amashidi, hhayi isilawuli serobhothi.Ukusika kwerobhothi nakho kunolunye ungqimba oluyinkimbinkimbi.Ukubhoboza ukuphakama okungalungile kubi ngokwanele, kodwa uma usika izimo ze-multi-axis, ithoshi ingase ingabi endleleni engcono kakhulu ye-workpiece kanye nobukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo.Uma ithoshi lingahambisani nendawo yensimbi elihlabayo, lizogcina lisike ingxenye ephambanayo ewugqinsi kunokuba kudingekile, kumoshe ukuphila okusebenzisekayo.Ukwengeza, ukubhoboza ucezu lokusebenza olujijekile endaweni engafanele ingakwazi ukubeka ukuhlanganiswa kwethoshi eduze kakhulu nendawo yokusebenza, ukuyiveza ukuze incibilike i-blowback futhi ibangele ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi (bheka Umfanekiso 5).
Cabangela uhlelo lokusebenza lokusika i-plasma yerobhothi oluhlanganisa ukugoba ikhanda lomkhumbi ocindezelayo.Ngokufana nokusikwa kweshidi, ithoshi yerobhothi kufanele ibekwe eduze nendawo ebonakalayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingxenye encane kakhulu engase inqamuke yokubhoboza. Njengoba ithoshi ye-plasma isondela endaweni yokusebenza. , isebenzisa inzwa yobude kuze kube yilapho ithola indawo yomkhumbi, bese ihlehla ihambisana ne-axis yethoshi ukuze idlulise ubude.Ngemva kokuba i-arc idlulisiwe, ithoshi liyahoxiswa futhi eduze ne-axis yethoshi ukuze libhoboze ukuphakama, likude ngokuphepha ku-blowback (bheka Umfanekiso 6) .
Uma ukulibaziseka kokubhoboza kuphelelwa yisikhathi, ithoshi yehliselwa ekuphakameni kokusika.Lapho ucubungula ama-contours, ithoshi lizungeziswa endaweni oyifunayo ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngezinyathelo.Kuleli phuzu, ukulandelana kokusika kuyaqala.
Amarobhothi abizwa ngokuthi amasistimu anqunyiwe ngokweqile.Lokho kusho, anezindlela eziningi zokufika endaweni efanayo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ubani ofundisa irobhothi ukunyakaza, nanoma ubani omunye, kufanele abe nezinga elithile lobuchwepheshe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuqonda ukunyakaza kwerobhothi noma ukukhanda izidingo zokusika i-plasma.
Nakuba imibhalo elengayo yokufundisa isishintshile, eminye imisebenzi ayikulungele ngokwemvelo ukufundisa izinhlelo ezilengayo—ikakhulukazi imisebenzi ehlanganisa izingxenye eziningi ezixubile zevolumu ephansi.Amarobhothi awakhiqizi lapho efundiswa, futhi ukufundisa ngokwawo kungathatha amahora, noma izinsuku zezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Isofthiwe yokuhlela irobhothi engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi eklanywe ngamamojula wokusika i-plasma izoshumeka lobu buchwepheshe (bona Umfanekiso 7) .Lokhu kuhlanganisa isiqondiso sokusika igesi ye-plasma, inzwa yobude bokuqala, ukulandelana kokubhoboza, nokwenza isivinini sokusika sezinqubo zethoshi ne-plasma.
Umfanekiso 2. Amathoshi abukhali ("akhonjiwe") afaneleka kangcono ukusika i-plasma ye-robotic.Kodwa ngisho nalawa majeometri ethoshi, kungcono kakhulu ukwandisa ubude bokusika ukuze unciphise ithuba lokungqubuzana.
Isofthiwe ihlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe be-robotics obudingekayo ukuze kuhlelwe izinhlelo ezinqunywe ngokweqile.Ilawula ubunye, noma izimo lapho isiphetho se-robotic (kulokhu, ithoshi ye-plasma) ingakwazi ukufinyelela ucezu lokusebenza;imikhawulo ehlangene;ukuhamba ngokweqile;i-wrist rollover;ukutholwa kokushayisana;izimbazo zangaphandle;kanye nokwenza kahle kwendlela yamathuluzi.Okokuqala, umhleli ungenisa ifayela le-CAD lengxenye eqediwe ku-software yokuhlela irobhothi engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, bese echaza umphetho okufanele usikwe, kanye nendawo yokubhoboza neminye imingcele, kucatshangelwa ukungqubuzana kanye nemingcele yobubanzi.
Okunye ukuphindwaphindwa kwakamuva kwesoftware yamarobhothi angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kusebenzisa lokho okubizwa nge-task-based offline programming.Le ndlela ivumela abahleli bohlelo ukuthi bazenzele ngokuzenzakalelayo izindlela zokusika futhi bakhethe amaphrofayili amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.Umhleli angase akhethe isikhethi sendlela esisemaphethelweni esibonisa indlela yokusika nesiqondiso. , bese ukhetha ukushintsha amaphuzu okuqala nawokugcina, kanye nesiqondiso nokuthambekela kwethoshi ye-plasma.Ukuhlela ngokuvamile kuqala (okungamele uphawu lwengalo yerobhothi noma uhlelo lwe-plasma) futhi kuqhubeke nokufaka imodeli ethile yerobhothi.
Ukulingisa okuwumphumela kungacabangela yonke into ekuseli irobhothi, okuhlanganisa izici ezifana nezithiyo zokuphepha, izinto ezilungiswayo, namathoshi e-plasma. Bese kubala noma imaphi amaphutha e-kinematic angaba khona kanye nokushayisana komsebenzisi, ongabe eselungisa inkinga.Isibonelo, ukulingisa kungase kwembule inkinga yokungqubuzana phakathi kokusikeka okubili okuhlukene kwekhanda lomkhumbi ocindezelayo. Ukusikwa ngakunye kukubude obuhlukile eduze komkhonto wekhanda, ngakho ukunyakaza okusheshayo phakathi kokusikeka kufanele kuhambisane nokusulwa okudingekayo—imininingwane encane, ixazululwe ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ufinyelele phansi, lokho kusiza ukuqeda ubuhlungu bekhanda nokumosha.
Ukushoda kwezisebenzi okuqhubekayo kanye nesidingo esikhulayo samakhasimende kuye kwabangela abakhiqizi abaningi ukuba baphendukele ekusikeni i-plasma ye-robotic.Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi batshuza emanzini ukuze nje bathole ezinye izinkinga, ikakhulukazi lapho abantu abahlanganisa i-automation bengenalo ulwazi lwenqubo yokusika i-plasma.Le ndlela izophela kuphela. kuholela ekukhungathekeni.
Hlanganisa ulwazi lokusika i-plasma kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi izinto ziyashintsha.Ngobuhlakani benqubo ye-plasma, irobhothi lingakwazi ukuzungeza futhi linyakaze njengoba kudingeka ukuze libhoboze kahle kakhulu, lelule ukuphila kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo.Lisika ngendlela efanele futhi liqondise ukuze ligweme noma iyiphi ingxenye yokusebenza. ukungqubuzana.Lapho belandela le ndlela yokuzenzakalela, abakhiqizi bathola imivuzo.
Le ndatshana isuselwe ku- "Advances in 3D Robotic Plasma Cutting" eyethulwe engqungqutheleni ye-FABTECH yango-2021.
I-FABRICATOR ingumagazini ohamba phambili embonini yokwenziwa kwensimbi eNyakatho Melika.Lo magazini uhlinzeka ngezindaba, izihloko zezobuchwepheshe kanye nemilando yamacala eyenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ngendlela egculisayo.I-FABRICATOR ibisiza imboni kusukela ngo-1970.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje selufinyeleleka ngokugcwele, lunikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STAMPING Journal, oluhlinzeka ngentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba engcono kakhulu nezindaba zemboni zemakethe yokugxiviza ngensimbi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zomkhakha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-25-2022
