Ngonyaka odlule kubonakale kuwuhlelo lwangempela lokuketula nokuthuthuka, okuholele ekwenyukeni kwezinga lokwamukelwa kwamarobhothi kwezinye izindawo kanye nokwehla kwezinye izindawo, kodwa kusadweba isithombe sokukhula okuqhubekayo kwamarobhothi esikhathini esizayo.
Amaqiniso afakazele ukuthi unyaka ka-2020 unyaka onezinxushunxushu noyinselelo oyingqayizivele, ongahlushwa nje kuphela ukucekelwa phansi okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili komqedazwe we-COVID-19 kanye nomthelela waso kwezomnotho ohlobene, kodwa futhi nokungaqiniseki okuvame ukuhambisana neminyaka yokhetho, njengoba izinkampani Zibambe umoya ngezinqumo ezinkulu kuze kube yilapho isimo senqubomgomo okufanele sibhekane nayo eminyakeni emine ezayo siyacaca. Ngakho-ke, inhlolovo yakamuva mayelana nokwamukelwa kwamarobhothi yi-Automation World ikhombise ukuthi ngenxa yesidingo sokugcina ukuqhelelana komphakathi, ukusekela kabusha uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, kanye nokwanda kokusebenza, ezinye izimboni ezimile zibone ukukhula okukhulu kumarobhothi, kanti ezinye zikholelwa ukuthi Ukutshalwa kwezimali kumile ngoba isidingo semikhiqizo yabo sehlile futhi inqubo yabo yokuthatha izinqumo yaphazanyiswa ukungaqiniseki kwezepolitiki nezomnotho.
Noma kunjalo, uma kucatshangelwa ukuguquguquka okuguquguqukayo konyaka odlule, ukuvumelana okuvamile phakathi kwabahlinzeki berobhothi-iningi labo okuqinisekisiwe kudatha yethu yocwaningo-ukuthi insimu yabo kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke ikhula ngokuqinile, futhi ukwamukelwa kwamarobhothi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze Kufanele kuqhubeke ukusheshisa esikhathini esizayo.
Njengamarobhothi asebenzisanayo (ama-cobots), amarobhothi eselula angase futhi asheshise ukukhula, njengoba amarobhothi amaningi ehamba ngale kwezinhlelo ezimisiwe aye ezinhlelweni zamarobhothi ezivumelana nezimo. Izinga lokutholwa kuze kube manje phakathi kwabaphendula inhlolovo, ama-44.9% abaphendulile athi izindawo zabo zokuhlanganisa nokukhiqiza okwamanje zisebenzisa amarobhothi njengengxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kwazo. Ngokukhethekile, phakathi kwalabo abanamarobhothi, ama-34.9% asebenzisa amarobhothi asebenzisanayo (ama-cobots), kuyilapho ama-65.1% asele esebenzisa amarobhothi ezimboni kuphela.
Kuneminye imixwayiso. Abathengisi bamarobhothi okukhulunywe nabo kulesi sihloko bayavuma ukuthi imiphumela yocwaningo iyahambisana nalokho abakubona sekukonke. Kodwa-ke, baqaphela ukuthi ukutholwa kwezinye izimboni kuthuthuke kakhulu kunezinye.
Isibonelo, ikakhulukazi embonini yokukhiqiza izimoto, izinga lokungena kwamarobhothi liphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuzenzekelayo kufinyelelwe kudala ngaphambi kwezinye izimboni eziningi ezime mpo. UMark Joppru, iphini likamongameli we-robotics yabathengi kanye nensizakalo kwa-ABB, uthe lokhu akukona nje kuphela ukuthi imboni yezimoto inamandla okwenza imali enkulu yokutshala izimali, kodwa futhi ngenxa yesimo esiqinile nesijwayelekile sokukhiqiza izimoto, okungatholakala ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-robot engaguquki.
Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, ukupakisha nakho kubone ukwanda kwe-automation, nakuba imishini eminingi yokupakisha ehambisa imikhiqizo ngomugqa ayihambisani namarobhothi emehlweni abanye abantu. Noma kunjalo, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izingalo zamarobhothi bezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ezinqoleni ezihambayo, ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kolayini wokupakisha, lapho zenza khona imisebenzi yokubamba impahla efana nokulayisha, ukuthulula, kanye nokupakisha. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina lapho ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamarobhothi emkhakheni wokupakisha kulindeleke ukuthi kuzuze intuthuko enkulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitolo ezincane zokucubungula kanye nabakhiqizi bezinkontileka-okuxubene kakhulu, izindawo zabo zokukhiqiza zevolumu ephansi (HMLV) ngokuvamile zidinga ukuguquguquka okukhulu-zisenendlela ende okufanele ihambe ekuthatheni amarobhothi. NgokukaJoe Campbell, umphathi omkhulu wokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo ze-Universal Robots, lona umthombo oyinhloko wegagasi elilandelayo lokutholwa. Eqinisweni, uCampbell ukholelwa ukuthi isibalo sokutholwa sisonke kuze kube manje singase sibe ngaphansi ngisho nangaphezulu kwama-44.9% atholakala ocwaningweni lwethu, ngoba ukholelwa ukuthi amabhizinisi amaningi amancane naphakathi (ama-SME) ahlinzekwa yinkampani yakhe awanakwa kalula futhi ngokuyisisekelo aseyizinhlangano ezingabonakali zohwebo, izinhlolovo zezimboni kanye neminye imininingwane.
"Ingxenye enkulu yemakethe empeleni ayihlinzekwa ngokugcwele ngumphakathi wonke we-automation. Sizoqhubeka nokuthola [ama-SME] amaningi njalo ngesonto, uma ekhona, izinga labo lokuzenzekelayo liphansi kakhulu. Abanawo amarobhothi, ngakho-ke lokhu Kuyinkinga enkulu endaweni yokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo, "kusho uCampbell. “Izinhlolovo eziningi ezenziwa yinhlangano nabanye abashicileli kungenzeka zingafinyeleli kulaba bantu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kungenye yezimboni ezima mpo, futhi phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19 nokuvalwa kwayo okuhlobene, isidingo sehle kakhulu, okubangele ukwamukelwa kwamarobhothi ukuthi kwehle kunokusheshisa. Umthelela we-COVID-19 Nakuba abantu abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi i-COVID-19 izosheshisa ukwamukelwa kwamarobhothi, okunye okumangaze kakhulu ocwaningweni lwethu ukuthi u-75.6% wabaphenduli uthe lo bhubhane awubacindezelanga ukuthi bathenge amarobhothi amasha ezindaweni zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-80% abantu abalethe amarobhothi ukuphendula lo bhubhane bathenge amahlanu noma ngaphansi.
Vele, njengoba abanye abathengisi beshilo, lokhu okutholakele akusho ukuthi i-COVID-19 ibe nomthelela omubi ngokuphelele ekwamukelweni kwamarobhothi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi izinga ubhubhane olusheshisa ngalo amarobhothi liyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezimboni ezahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kwezinye izimo, abakhiqizi bathenga amarobhothi amasha ngo-2020, okungenzeka ukuthi aphendule kwezinye izici ezihlobene ngokungaqondile ne-COVID-19, njengesidingo sokwandisa ukwanda kwesidingo noma ukuphuma kwezimboni ezime mpo ezihlangabezana ngokushesha nesidingo sabasebenzi. Ukuphazamiseka kweketango kuphoqa ukubuyela emuva kwenkundla.
Isibonelo, uScott Marsic, umphathi omkhulu wephrojekthi kwa-Epson Robotics, uveze ukuthi inkampani yakhe ibone ukwanda kwesidingo semishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE) phakathi nokwanda kwesidingo semishini yokuzivikela (PPE). UMarsic ugcizelele ukuthi intshisekelo enkulu kumarobhothi kulezi zimboni igxile ekwandiseni umkhiqizo, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amarobhothi ukuhlukanisa ukukhiqiza ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqhelelana komphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nakuba imboni yezimoto iye yazuza i-automation enhle futhi iwumthombo ojwayelekile wokuthengwa kwamarobhothi amasha, ukuvinjelwa kuye kwanciphisa isidingo sokuthutha ngokuqhubekayo, ngakho isidingo sehlile. Ngenxa yalokhu, lezi zinkampani zavala imali enkulu yezindleko ezinkulu.
“Ezinyangeni eziyi-10 ezedlule, imoto yami isihambe amakhilomitha angaba ngu-2 000. Angizange ngishintshe uwoyela noma amathayi amasha,” kusho uMarsic. "Isidingo sami sehlile. Uma ubheka imboni yokukhiqiza izimoto, bazolandela okufanayo. Uma singekho isidingo sezingxenye zezimoto, ngeke batshale imali eningi ezishintshayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ubheka isidingo esikhulayo Ezindaweni ezifana nemishini yezokwelapha, imithi, ngisho nokupakishwa kwabathengi, bazobona isidingo [sokwanda], futhi lena indawo yokuthengisa ye-robots."
UMelonee Wise, oyi-CEO yakwaFetch Robotics, uthe ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, kube nokwanda kokutholwa kwamarobhothi ezindaweni zokuthutha kanye nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla. Njengoba abathengi abaningi bezindlu ba-oda izinhlobo zezimpahla ku-inthanethi, isidingo siye sakhula.
Esihlokweni sokusebenzisa amarobhothi ekuhlukaniseni umphakathi, impendulo iyonke yabaphenduli ibibonakala ibuthaka, ngo-16.2% kuphela wabaphenduli abathi lokhu kube yisizathu esidale ukuthi bathathe isinqumo sokuthenga irobhothi elisha. Izizathu ezigqame kakhulu zokuthenga amarobhothi zihlanganisa ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi ngo-62.2%, ukwandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza ngo-54.1%, kanye nokuxazulula inkinga yabasebenzi abakhona abangaphansi kuka-37.8%.
Okuhlobene nalokhu ukuthi phakathi kwalabo abathenge amarobhothi ukuphendula i-COVID-19, ama-45% athi athenge amarobhothi asebenzisanayo, kanti ama-55% asele akhetha amarobhothi ezimboni. Njengoba amarobhothi asebenzisanayo evame ukubhekwa njengesixazululo esingcono kakhulu samarobhothi sokuqhelelana nomphakathi ngoba ayakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela eguquguqukayo nabantu lapho ezama ukuhlukanisa imigqa noma amayunithi omsebenzi, angase abe namazinga okutholwa aphansi kunalindelekile kulabo abasabela kulo bhubhane Kuphinde kugcizelelwe ukuthi ukukhathazeka okuhlobene nezindleko zabasebenzi nokutholakala, ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kukhulu.
Ama-workshops amancane okucubungula kanye nabakhiqizi bezinkontileka ku-high-mix, izikhala zevolumu ephansi zingase zimelele umngcele olandelayo wokukhula kumarobhothi, ikakhulukazi amarobhothi asebenzisanayo (ama-cobots) adumile ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo. Ukubikezela ukutholwa kwesikhathi esizayo Uma ubheka phambili, okulindelwe abahlinzeki bamarobhothi kubhebhethekisa. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi njengoba ukhetho luphela kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwemithi yokugomela i-COVID-19 kwanda, izimboni lapho izinxushunxushu zemakethe zehlise ukwamukelwa kwamarobhothi zizoqala kabusha inani elikhulu lesidingo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezo zimboni ezibone ukukhula kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubekele phambili ngesivinini.
Njengesexwayiso esingaba khona sokulindelwe okuphezulu kwabahlinzeki, imiphumela yethu yocwaningo imaphakathi kancane, nabaphendula abangaphansi kancane kwekota bathi bahlela ukungeza amarobhothi ngonyaka ozayo. Phakathi kwalaba baphendulile, u-56.5% bahlela ukuthenga amarobhothi asebenzisanayo, futhi u-43.5% bahlela ukuthenga amarobhothi ezimboni ajwayelekile.
Nokho, abanye abahlinzeki bathe amathemba aphansi kakhulu emiphumeleni yocwaningo angase adukise. Isibonelo, u-Wise ukholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ukufakwa kwesistimu ye-robot engaguquki yendabuko ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha isikhathi eside njengezinyanga ezingu-9-15, abaningi abaphendulile abathi abahlelile ukwengeza amarobhothi amaningi ngonyaka ozayo kungenzeka ukuthi sebevele banamaphrojekthi aqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJoppru uveze ukuthi nakuba i-23% kuphela yabaphenduli ihlela ukwandisa amarobhothi, abanye abantu bangase bakhulise kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ukukhula okuphelele kwemboni kungase kukhule kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene nezici eziqhuba ukuthengwa kwamarobhothi athile, i-52.8% yathi ukusetshenziswa kalula, i-52.6% yathi inketho yethuluzi lokuphela kwengalo yerobhothi, futhi kuphela i-38.5% yayinesithakazelo ezicini ezithile zokubambisana. Lo mphumela ubonakala usikisela ukuthi ukuguquguquka, esikhundleni somsebenzi wokuphepha wokuhlanganyela ngokwawo, kushayela izintandokazi ezikhulayo zabasebenzisi bokugcina bamarobhothi asebenzisanayo.
Lokhu kubonakala nakanjani emkhakheni we-HMLV. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abakhiqizi kufanele babhekane nezinselele zezindleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi kanye nokushoda kwezisebenzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umjikelezo wempilo yomkhiqizo mfushane, udinga ukuguqulwa okusheshayo kanye nokwenyuka kokuhlukahluka kokukhiqiza. U-Doug Burnside, iphini likamongameli wezokuthengisa nokumaketha we-Yaskawa-Motoman eNyakatho Melika, waveza ukuthi ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wezandla ukuze ubhekane nendida yokuguquka ngokushesha empeleni kulula ngoba abantu bayavumelana nezimo. Kuphela uma i-automation yethulwa lapho le nqubo izoba inselele kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukukhulisa ukuguquguquka ngokuhlanganisa ukubona, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, nezinketho zamathuluzi ahlukahlukene nezimodulayo kungasiza ukunqoba lezi zinselele.
Kwezinye izindawo, amarobhothi angase abe usizo ezindaweni ezithile, kodwa abengakaqali ukuwasebenzisa. NgokukaJoppru, i-ABB isivele yaba nezingxoxo zokuqala nemboni kawoyela negesi mayelana nokuhlanganisa amarobhothi amasha emisebenzini yawo yasensimini, nakuba ukufezeka kwala maphrojekthi kungase kuthathe iminyaka eminingana.
"Embonini kawoyela negesi, kusenezinqubo eziningi ezenziwa ngesandla. Abantu abathathu babamba ipayipi, bese bezungeza iketanga, bathathe ipayipi elisha, balixhume ukuze bakwazi ukubhoboza amanye amamitha angu-20. ," kusho uJoppru. "Singakwazi yini ukusebenzisa izingalo zamarobhothi ukuze sizenzele, ukuze siqede umsebenzi oyisicefe, ongcolile futhi oyingozi? Lesi isibonelo. Sixoxile namakhasimende ukuthi lena indawo entsha yokungena yamarobhothi, futhi asikwazanga ukuyilandela kuze kube manje."
Unalokhu engqondweni, ngisho noma izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi, abakhiqizi bezinkontileka, namabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo begcwala amarobhothi afana nabakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu kunawo wonke, sisesikhulu isikhala sokunwetshwa esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-27-2021
